Heliopolis
Lower Egypt Cult Center of the Egyptian Gods
Atum, The Ennead and Mnevis Bull
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Atum
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Atum was "Lord of the Limits of the Sky". His cult center was Heliopolis. He was a solor diety and head of the Ennead. In the Old Kingdom he lifted the dead king from the pyramid to the stars. |
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He was later joined with the God Re as Re-Atum. In the later dynasties Atum became the protector of all dead people on their way into the Afterlife and is featured in the non-royal Theban tombs in the New Kingdom. |
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The Ennead
Shu (Air) support Nut (the Sky)
The Ennead consisted of the Osirian Gods: Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Set and Nepthys. See the Heliopolis Creation Myth.
Atum - The solar/creator god.
Shu - personification of air.
Tefnut - personification of moisture.
Geb - personification of earth.
Nut - personification of sky.
Osiris - The first King of Egypt and later god of the underworld.
Isis - The first Queen Egypt and goddess of magic, funerary
goddess, protector of the King.
Set - Brother of Isis, Osiris and later god of chaos.
Nepthys - Sister of Osiris and Isis and consort of Set, funerary
goddess
Mnevis Bull
The Mnevis Bull was the sacred bull of Heliopolis, associated with the sun god Re. The bull was either black or pibald in color.
The early association of the gods with cattle probably relates to an early cattle culture of the pre-dynastic Egyptians. In the illustration below, the sacred cow, Hathor, is the sky and the ship of Ra is passing through her body on it's nightly journey.
When Akhenaten established his new city of Akhetaten, now known as Tell el Amarna, and dedicated it to the worship of the god Aten, Akhenaten declared that he would bury Mnevis bulls in this new city, but none have been found there.
However, two Mnevis burials were found in Heliopolis, both buried by the Kings who followed Ramesses II. The bulls were found in individual tombs that were cut into the ground and sealed with a granite slab.
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