Thebes - Upper Egypt Cult Center of the Egyptian Gods
Amun-Min-Ra and Montu

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Amun-Min-Ra

Amun receiving the offering of Rameses the Great.

Amun-Ra-Min became a composite god as his cult spread over Egypt and subsumed other gods

Originally, he was the deification of the concept of air, and one of the four fundamental concepts of the primordial universe in the Ogdoad Creation Myth. Amun means the hidden one, as the air and the wind is not seen. His original depiction was a frog-headed god and his invisibility was represented by the color blue, the color of the sky. The color blue is often used for Amun's image.

As the god of air, he came to be associated with the breath of life, which created the ba, particularly in Thebes. By the First Intermediate Period he was known as the creator god, titled Father of the Gods, in Thebes. As the crator god, his Theban wife was the local Devine Mother Mut.

Amun, the creator god, was depicted in human form, seated on a throne, wearing on his head a circlet from which rise two straight parallel plumes.

Prince and Pharaoh presenting Amun with a statue of Maat.

With the eviction of the Hyksos rulers from Egypt, by the armies of the Theban rulers, the cult of Amun spread over Egypt. By defeating the opressive Hyksos, Amun was viewed as upholding the rights to justice. Since he upheld Maat, those who prayed to Amun were required first to demonstrate that they were worthy, by confessing their sins. Here Amun is presented with a statue of Maat.

Amun became thought of as a fertility deity when the Land of Kush was absorbed. Their main god was a fertility diety. Therefore, He absorbed the identity of the Egyptian fertility god Min, becoming Amun-Min.

As Amun's cult grew bigger, Amun rapidly became identified with the chief God that was worshipped in other areas, Ra-Herakhty, the merged identities of Ra, and Horus, becoming Amun-Ra. As Ra had been the father of Shu, and Tefnut, and the remainder of the Ennead, so Amun-Ra became the father of the Ennead. Here are the three forms of Amun.

Montu

The falcon headed god of war, Montu wears a solar disc, two tall plumes and uraeus. Sometimes Montu is shown with a double Uraeus. Montu was the principle solar god in the nome of Thebes before the rise of Amun. His principle cult center is Hermonthis which was the capital of the Theban nome.

The Kings of the Eleventh Dynasty took his name (Mentuhotep I). When Amun was elevated to "king of the gods" Montu was given the specific attributes of a war god, and the Pharaohs were described in terms of Montu's military prowess and might in their monuments.

Montu was especially revered in the Middle Kingdom. Montuhotep honored him in his Mortuary Temple built at Deir el Bahri in Western Thebes.

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Upper Egypt Cult Centers of Egyptian Gods